Insole and method of making the same



Oct. 4, 1938. J. P. FREDERICKSEN 2,131,838

INSQLE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed July 9, 1937 K FigZ 2Patented Oct. 4, 1938 PATENT OFFlCE;

7 2,131,838" 'INSOLE AND METHOD or MAKING THE 7 SAME James P.Frederickscn, Wollaston,

Mass, assignor to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Paterson, N. J acorporation of New Jersey Application July 9, 1937, Serial No. 152,768

29 Claims.

invention relates to insoles and methods of making insoles and isillustrated herein by way of example with reference to its use in themanufacture of welt shoes.

Objects ofv the invention as to provide improved methods of makinginsoles having lasting ribs thereon, and toprovide improved insoles forshoes. 7 In ac cordance with one aspect or feature'of the invention arelatively thin insole is provided at its marginal-portion with achannel flap which varies non-uniformly in thickness widthwis e, and thelatter is turned back upon itselfto'produce on the insole an, integralupstanding twoply rib which varies in thickness heightwise; As hereinillustrated, one form of channel flap may have a thick central orintermediate portion located, widthwise of the flap, between tworelatively thin portions and the flap may be turned back and bentagainst itself adjacent to the thick central portion to produce anupstanding integral rib of the upper portion of which is bulged orknob-shaped in cross section so that it overhangs the base portion ofthe rib, which portion, being 2 formed from the thinner portions of theflap, is relatively narrow. This. construction produces substantialgrooves or undercut portions at each side of the rib which greatlyfacilitate subsequent operations in constructing the shoe.

In accordance with another aspect of the method herein disclosed thefeather portion of the insole is made thick enough to retain its flatcondition in a shoe throughout the wear of the shoe, thereby assistingin holding the shoe upper in shape. As illustrated, the feather may bethe full thickness of the body portion of the insole or it may besomewhat thinner than said body portion.

A further feature or aspect of the invention 4 consists in providing asan article of manufacture an improved light-weight insole for use inwelt or other types of shoes having at its marginal portion an integralupstanding rib which varies in thickness heightwise, the feather portionof the insole being at least thick enough to insure that the margin ofthe insole will remain substantially flat during the wear of the shoe sothat the upper will retain its shape during such wear.

Modifications of the invention comprise providing insoles and methods ofproducing insoles having integral upstanding ribs thicker at their baseportions than at their upper portions, thereby providing a thick-betweensubstance" for the lasting and welt attaching operations, the featherportions of such insoles being as thick as their body portions, andthese modifications further comprise providing insoles and: methods ofproducing insoles having integral lasting ribs which have bulged orknob-shaped upper portions overhanging narrower base portions, thefeather portions of the insoles being thinner toward the edge of. theinsole than the body portions thereof so that the edge faces of theinsoles are relatively narrow heightwise. This construction improves theappearance of the inside of the shoe by exposing only a relativelynarrow edge face of the insole at the shank portion of the shoe wherethe curveor arch of the shoe bottom causes this edge face to show.

With the above and other features and aspects in view, the inventionwill now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing andwill thereafter be pointed out in the claims.

In the drawing,

Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional View on an illarged scale of an insolebroken out at the center illustrating the method of forming a channelflap and a feather portion on the insole;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1 after a lasting rib hasbeen formed on the insole;

Fig. 3 is a sectional View of one side of the insole on a last with ashoe upper secured in lasted relation to the rib;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View similar to Fig. 3 after the welt attachingand inseam trimming operations have been performed.

'Fig. 5' is a sectional 'view of the shoe with an outsole attachedthereto;

v Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of an insole illustrating a,modification of the invention, one. margin of the insole being channeledand trimmed to form a channel flap and feather portion and the othermargin having a lasting rib formed thereon;

Fig. '7 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 5 after the insole of Fig. 6has been incorporated in a shoe;

Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view similar to Fig. 6 illustratinganother modification of the invention; and

Fig. 9 shows the insole of a shoe. h

In carrying out the method of the present invention an insole ll] ofleather or artificial leather is cutout by dies or otherwise tosubstantially the required shape but of a size which is from one-quarterto three-eighths of an inch-larger than is to be required in the shoe.The material of the insole l0 may be of different thicknesses but itpreferably ranges from three to three and.

Fig. 8 incorporated in one-half irons. As shown in Fig. 1, the marginalportion of the insole is channeled inwardly from its edge face toproduce a channel flap l2 and a reduced feather portion 14. Unlike thestraight outside channel usually formed in an insole, however, thepresent channel is formed by a knife it having a cutting edge 18 whichis shaped in the manner disclosed in Fig. 1, that is, the cutting edgeis curved upwardly and downwardly relatively to the plane of the insolein arcs of substantially the same radii to produce an arced orundulating channel and a channel flap 1?! which varies irregularly inthickness widthwise and which, in the present instance, is relativelythick at the central portion of its width and diminishes in bothdirections from said central portion to form thinner portions at eachside thereof. The upper surface of the feather portion 14 is, of course,complemental to the adjacent surface of the channel flap, said uppersurface having outer and inner rounded portions between which is locateda relatively thin portion formed by a depression. The channel is widerthan is usually formed in insoles for producing lasting ribs by anamount approximately equal to the amount larger that the insole was cutover the size which is to be utilized in the shoe, that is, fromone-quarter to three-eighths of an inch.

Simultaneously with the cutting of the curved channel in the marginalportion in the insole the outer portion of the feather M is trimmed offby a vertical knife 2%, thereby reducing the body portion of the insoleto the size required for the shoe. Fig. 1 shows the channeling andtrimming operations being performed on one side of the insole, and theother side of the figure illustrates how the insole will appear afterthese operations have been completed. The channeling and feathertrimming operations may be performed manually or by machine, aconvenient type of machine being that disclosed in Letters Patent of theUnited States No. 1,023,801, granted April 23, 1912 on an applicationfiled in the name of Frederic E. Bertrand, this machine, however, beingmodified to omit the usual inside channel knife and the chamfering knifeand to include the vertical knife for trimming the feather portion ofthe insole to the required size.

After the channeling and trimming operations have been performed, theinner surface of the channel flap l2 and the adjacent or upper surfaceof the remaining portion of the feather 14 which, as pointed out above,is complemental to the inner surface of the flap, are coated withcement, preferably an instantaneous or quick setting cement such, forexample, as latex or other cement having a rubber constituent. Thechannel flap is then turned upwardly and back upon itself, as shown inFig. 2, to form an upstanding two-ply rib 22, this rib, as illustrated,being from oneeighth to three-sixteenths of an inch in height andvarying in thickness heightwise by reason of the thick central portion.of the flap, which in the present case forms a bulged upper portionsomewhat knob-like in shape. The lower or base portion of the rib,having been formed from the thinner portions of the channel flap lyingat each side of the thick central portion, is relatively narrow in crosssection, thereby providing grooves or undercut portions 24, 26 atopposite sides of the rib, the inner groove 26 being well adapted toreceive and guide the various operating instrumentalities of machinessubsequently used in constructing a shoe such, for example, as thelasting, trimming and welt sewing machines, and the outer groove 24providing a crease into which the upper may be worked tightly againstthe base of the rib and in which the lasting staples and welt attachingseam may be conveniently located. The outer portion of the channel flapl2 which, owing to the peculiar shape of the channeling knife 15, issubstantially complemental to the outer margin of the remaining portionof the feather I l, is turned outwardly and laid fiat against this outermargin of the feather during the rib forming or shaping operation, andthe cement between the parts-secures the flap to the feather.Accordingly, the thickness of the reduced feather portion of thecompleted insole, as illustrated in Fig. 2, is restored to the originalthickness of the marginal portion of the insole or, in other words, tothe same thickness as the body portion of the insole located between theribs 22.

In this way an insole is provided which may be only three or three andone-half irons thick and yet has an integral upstanding lasting rib theupper portion of which is bulged or knobshaped in cross section so thatit overhangs a relatively narow base portion, thereby forming grooves01' undercuts at both sides of said base portion, the outer groove beingadapted to receive the shoe upper and the welt, and the inner groovebeing adapted to guide the operating instrumentalities of machines usedin constructing the shoe, the feather portion of the insole, moreover,being substantially fiat and equal in thickness to the body portion ofthe insole. A machine which may be used for performing the rib formingoperation described above is that disclosed in United States LettersPatent No. 1,726,800, granted September 3, 1929, on an application filedin the name of F. E. Bertrand although other machines may be used orthis operation may be performed by hand if desired.

If the material of the insole is of a good quality it can be usedwithout a reinforcement on its outer face although it is customary oninsoles of this type to reinforce the area between the ribs and also theinner sides of the ribs with fabric material such as Gem duck 28 (Fig.3), this construction being commonly referred to as an feconomy insole.The reinforcement may, if desired, be applied during the rib formingoperation with the aid of the machine of the type disclosed in theBertrand patent mentioned above.

The insole ill, reinforced or not, as desired, is mounted on a last 38and a shoe upper 32 is assembled and secured to the rib 22 in any usualmanner to hold the upper in lasted position. Since the present inventionis illustrated with reference to a Welt shoe, the opposite sides of theupper 32 may be secured to the lasting rib by staples 3 1, thisoperation being preferably performed by a staple side lasting machine ofthe type disclosed in Letters Patent No. 1,731,853, granted October 15,1929 on an application filed in the name of George Goddu. As shown inFig. 3, the staples are inserted and clinched well down toward the baseof the rib, this result being achieved by reason of the groove orundercut 26 at the inner side of the rib which receives the clinchinganvil of the lasting machine and holds it close to the base of the ribwherever the staples are driven.

The toe and heel portions of the upper may be lasted in the usual mannerand a welt 36 may be attached to the shoe bottom, as shown in Fig. 4,the inseam stitches 38 which secure the welt passingbelow the staples 34and, at theinner side of the rib, being located in the angle or groove26. --In the welt attaching operation, which is preferably performed ona machine of the type disclosed in Letters Patent No. 1,108,560,'grantedAugust 25, 1914, on an application filed in the name of AndrewEppler, the curved needle and awl which insert the inseam stitches 38are caused to pass through the between substance of the lasting. ribbelow the staples because of the position of the channel guide of themachine which, with an insole of thepresent construction, may bemaintained in the angle at the extreme base of the rib by reason of-theinner groove or undercut 25. lVIoreover, the upper may be Worked tightlyinto the outer groove 24 thereby insuring a close bond or connectionbetween the upper and the insole which greatly improves the strength andappearance of the shoe.

After theattachment of the welt 36 the shoe bottom is trimmecl, as shownin Fig. 4, to remove the excess portions of the upper and, if necessaryor desirable, the upper portion of the rib, thereby preparing the shoebottom for receiving an outsole. The subsequent operations to completethe shoe may beperformed in accordance with usual and well-knownmethods, filler material 40 (Fig. being first applied to the shoe bottombetween the trimmed portions of the rib, and an outsole 42 being laid onthe shoe bottom and attached by stitches 44 passing through the outsoleand welt 36. The completed shoe, as shown in ,Fig. 5, has an insolewhich is much thinner than is customary in a welt shoe, thereby tendingto increase the flexibility of the shoe. Notwithstanding thelight-weight insole, however, the shoe. upper, welt and outsole aresecuredas firmly in position as though a heavier insole had been used.Moreover, the staples 3d and the inseam stitches 38 are both located inrows which arerelatively even or uniform around the peripheryof theshoe, that is, neither row rides upwardly on the rib at some portions ofthe shoe nor descends toward the base of the rib at other portions.Consequently, there is no danger in the trimming operation of cuttingaway some of the staples-which might, in other constructions, be locatedhigher upon the rib than theyshould be, or of severing some of theinseam stitches which likewise might be located too high on the rib.

Another way of forming an insole for use in shoes; more particularlywelt shoes, isillustrated in Figs. 6 and '7, this method being amodification of that described above and including a furtherfeature ofthe invention. In Fig. 6, an insole 46 is cut from three-eighths to one-.duarter of an inch larger than is required in the shoe and, ischanneled on the outside in a manner similar tothat already describedexcept that thechannel knife is shaped differently. In the present casea channel 48 is formed by a knife which is substantially parallel to theinner and outer surfaces of the insole 46 or, in other words, totheplane'of the insole from its edge face to a point adjacent to the innerend of the channel. From this point to the inner end of the channel theknife slants or curves downwardly preferably in a gradual non-uniformincline or an arc of non-uniform radius so that the inner portion of thechannel flap 50 which is thus produced is considerably thicker than itsouter portion.

, Aedescribed above, the outer portion of the channel fiap50, therebyleaving a narrow feather 52 which, of course, is complemental to theinner portion 'of the channel flap. l

The channelflap 50 and feather 52 are'then coated on their-adjacentsurfaces with cement andthe channel flap is bent upwardly and foldedback upon itself as described above to produce an upstanding two-ply rib54 approximately one- .eighth' of an inch high, the lower or'baseportion 58 of the ribbeing somewhat thicker than its upper portion owingtothe shape of the inner portion of the channel flap. This type of rib,therefore, has a base portion, usually referred-to as a fbetweensubstance, which is thick enough to resist a substantial outward pulland consequently will bein no danger of tearing away from the bodyportion of the insole in caseswhere relatively heavy upper materials areused in the shoe. The outer portion of the channel flap is bentoutwardly'and secured by cement to the remaining inner portion of theinsole'feather, thereby restoring this portion to its original thicknessso that it will be relatively stiff inthe shoe and will thus tend toretain its shape during the wear of the'shoe and assist in maintainingthe shape of the upper material. It will be seen in Fig.' 6 that theupper part of the lasting rib E l-is narrower than the base portion 56and that the opposite sides of this upper part are substantiallyparallel to each other owing to the uniform thickness of the outerportion of the channel flap i i The insole 46 may then be mounted on alast 58, as shown in Fig. '7, ashoe upper 60 may be lasted to the rib bystaples 52, a welt 64 attached by an inseam 66 located at the base ofthe rib, and filler material 68 and an outsole applied to the shoebottomin the usual" manner, the outsole being permanentlyattached-to theshoe by the outseam stitches 12. As stated above, the outer surface ofthe insole between the rib 54 may be reinforced with canvas or thereinforcement may be omitted, as desired. s

It is desirable to have the shoe upper blend as closely as possible withthe edge face of the insole inside the shoe, especially in the shankportion so that only a thin edge face of the insole will be exposedwhere the insole curves upwardly to conform to the shank portion of thefoot. A further modification of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 8'and 9 which facilitates this result. A channel M is formed in a thininsole 1.6, the'channel extending downwardly toward the inner surfaceofthe insole on a substantial are for a greaterportion of its width for.example, three-quarters of its width, and then extending straightinwardly parallel to the plane of the insole for the rest of its Width,this channel, as explained above, being substantially wider than isusual in ordinary. insoles. The outerportion of the feather of theinsole is cut away simultaneously with the formation of the channel 14,thereby leaving a relatively narrowfeather portion 78 complemental onits upper side .to the adjacent surface of a channel flap 80 formed bythe channel M. Cement is applied to the opposing surfaces of thechannelflap and feather and the channel flap. is turned u .as described, toform an upstanding two-ply rib 82, the upper portion of which is bulgedor knob-like in cross section owing to the shape of the channel flapandthe base portion of which for the same reason is relatively thinandconverges inwardly at opposite sides to form grooves or undercuts 84,3E. The outer margin of the channel flap 80 is turned outwardly iii? andcemented to the complemental remaining portion of the feather therebycompleting the construction of the insole. Since the outer portion ofthe channel flap 80 diminishes in thickness toward its edge face, andsince the remaining portion of the feather of the insole likewisediminishes in thickness, as shown in Fig. 8, the combined thicknesses ofthe two portions when cemented together produce a feather portion on theinsole which is somewhat thinner at the edge of the feather than thebody portion of the insole and yet is substantially the full thicknessof the insole adjacent to the rib so that the feather portion willremain flat in the finished shoe and will assist in maintaining theshape of the shoe during its wear. As shown in Fig. 8, the reducedfeather portion 18 tapers downwardly toward the edge face of the insolethereby leaving a relatively thinor narrow edge face.

Fig. 9 illustrates a shoe in which the insole of Fig. 8 has beenincorporated and it will be seen that, owing to the reduced feather 18which leaves a relatively narrow edge face on the insole, the upper 86of the shoe will blend more smoothly with the edge face of the insolewhen the last is removed than is possible in a shoe having an unreducedfeather. In other words an edge face the full thickness of the insolewill not show at the shank portion of the shoe where the curve of theinsole causes this edge face to be exposed.

While the invention has been described herein with reference to themanufacture of welt shoes, it should be understood that the invention isnot limited to shoes of that construction since it may be utilized toadvantage in all types of shoes in which a lip or rib is used forholding the upper in lasted position and also where it is desired thatthe means securing the upper to the rib or at least a portion of suchmeans remain permanently in the shoe bottom to increase the strength ofthe shoe.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises formingat the marginal portion of an insole a. single channel flap which variesnon-uniformly in thickness widthwise, and turning the non-uniformlyvarying channel flap back against itself to produce on the insole anintegral upstanding rib which varies in thickness i htwise. Thatimprovement in methods of making insoles which comprises separating fromthe marginal portion of an insole a'channel flap of nonuniformly varyingthickness widthwise, thereby reducing the thickness of said marginalportion, folding a non-uniformly varying portion of the channel flapback against itself to produce on the insole an upstanding rib ofdifferent thicknesses heightwise, and securing the rest of the channelflap to a reduced portion of the insole from which the flap wasseparated, thereby increasing the thickness of said portion.

3. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises formingat the marginal portion of an insole an outside channel flap havingthick and thin portions widthwise of the flap, said portions producing aflap which varies irregularly in thickness over its entire width,bending the inner portion of said irregularly varying flap back uponitself to produce on the insole an upstanding rib which varies inthickness heightwise, and laying the outer portion of the flap fiatagainst the marginal portion of the insole.

4. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises cuttingin the marginal portion of an insole an outside channel which curvesunevenly out of the plane of the insole widthwise of said marginalportion, thereby producing on the insole a channel fiap and a reducedfeather both of which vary unevenly in thickness widthwise from theirinner portions to their outer portions, removing an outer portion ofsaid feather, bending an inner portion of the channel flap back intocontact with itself to produce an integral upstanding rib which variesin thickness heightwise, and securing an outer portion of the flap tothe remaining portion of said feather thereby increasing its thickness.

5. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises formingat the marginal portion of an insole an outside channel flap whichvaries non-uniformly in thickness widthwise from its inner edge to itsouter edge, thereby producing on the insole a reduced feather portionwhich likewise varies non-uniformly in thickness widthwise from itsinner edge to its outer edge and is complemental to said channel flap,the outer por- 4 tion of said flap being also complemental to an innerportion of said feather and being of a thickness which will combine withthe inner portion of said feather to equal the full thickness of theinsole, trimming off the outer portion of said feather, turning an innernon-uniformly varying portion of said channel flap back into contactwith itself to produce an integral upstanding rib which varies inthickness heightwise, and securing the outer portion of said channelflap to the complemental inner portion of said feather, therebyrestoring the inner portion of said feather to the original thickness ofthe insole.

6. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises cuttingin the marginal portion of an insole an outside channel of substantialwidth which inclines in non-uniform progression toward the inner surfaceof the insole widthwise of the channel, thereby producing on the insolea reduced feather and a channel flap both of which have thick and thinportions widthwise thereof, said portions varying non-uniformly inthickness in their widthwise variation, trimming oif the outer portionof said feather, and folding the channel flap back upon itself at aportion thereof having both thick and thin portions of non-uniformvariation and securing said portion in such a position to produce anintegral upstanding rib on the outer surface of the insole, said ribbeing thicker at some portions than at others.

7. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises formingat the marginal portion of an insole a channel flap having a relativelythick central portion located between thinner portions widthwise of theflap, and bending the channel flap back upon itself to produce on theinsole an integral upstanding rib the upper portion of which is thickerthan its base porion.

8. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprises formingat the marginal portion of an insole an undulating channel which arcstoward the inner surface of the insole at the central portion of thechannel and arcs toward the outer surface of the insole at each side ofsaid central portion, thereby producing a single channel flap having athick central portion and thin portions at each side of said centralportion, bending the channel flap back upon itself adjacent to its thickcentral portion, and securing the and thinner portions each side of saidthick por-f tion, and bending the channelflap back upon it self tofformon the insole an integral upstanding ribfhaving-a relatively thick upperportion overhanging the inner side of athinner base portion, therebyproducing said baseportio n.

10, That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprisescutting at the marginal portion of aninsolefa channel which inclinestoward both the inner and outer' surfaces of the insole at differentportions of its width, thereby producing a channel flap which "varies inthickness' widthwise, and turning the channel flap back upon itselfadjacent to its thickest portion to form anyupstanding rib having abulged upper portion overhanging the outer side'of a narrower baseportion, thereby producinga groove at the outer side ofsaid baseportion.

1l. Thatimprovement in methods of making insoles which comprisescutting, at the marginal portion ofarelatively' thin insole an' outsidechannel of greater width than usual and curving upwardlyand downwardlyin arcsof substantially equal radii toward the outer and inner surfacesof the insole to form a channel flap which is relatively thick at thecentral portion of its width and is relatively thin at each side of saidcentral portion, thereby leaving a reduced feather on the insole whichis complemental in shape to the inner surface of the channel flap,cuttingioff an outer portion of the feather of the insole; bending thechannel flap back upon itself adjacent to its thick portion andcementing it in suchposition to produce an-upstanding rib having abulged upper "portion overhanging a thinner base portion, therebyproducing definite grooves at each side of said rib, and turning theouter portion of the channel flap outwardly and cementing it fiatagainst the remaining portion of the complemental feather with the edgefaces of said portions substantially flush, thereby pro- 7 ducing afeather on-the insole whichis equal in thickness to the body portionthereof. a

12. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprisescutting in the marginal portion of an insole a channel which curves inan arc of non-uniform radius toward the inner insole near the end of thechannel thereby producing a channel flap having an end portion thickerthan the rest of said flap, and bending the channel flap including thethicker end portion back into contact with itself to produce anupstanding'rib the base portion of which is thicker than its upperportion.

13.. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprisesforming at the marginal portion of an insole a channel flap ofsubstantial width an end portion of which curves toward the innersurface of the insole, and turning the channel flap back against'itselfand securing it in upstanding position to form an integral rib having arelatively thick base portion supporting a relatively thin upper portionthe opposite sides of which are substantially parallel.

14. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprisescutting in the marginal portion of an insole an outside channel of subagroove'at' the innerside of a 1 thick as the rest overhanging a narrowbase 4 5 stantial 'widthand extending at its outer portionparallel-tothe inner and'outer surfaces of the insole and at itsinner'portion curving toward the inner surface of the insole, therebyproducing a channelfiap and areduced feather portion on the insole,cutting off the outer portion of the feather of the insole, bending thechannel flap back upon itself andcementing it in such position' to 'forman upstanding rib the upper portion of which is thinner than its baseportion, and securing the outer portion of the flap flat against theremaining featherportion of the insole, thereby making said featherportion as of the insole.

15. That improvement inmethods of insoles which comprises forming at themaking marginal portion of aninsole a channel of substantial width whichextends laterally of the insole in an arc'and has a straight endportionsubstantially parallel to the plane of the insole, thereby producing achannel flap having a thick portion which graclually diminishes in bothdirections which is knob-like in shape and overhangs a relatively narrowbase-portion.

16. That improvement in methods of making insoles which comprisesforming at the marginal portion of a relatively thin insole an outsidechannel flap of substantial width, said channel flap having an arcedouter portion which increases and diminishes gradually inthicknesschannel'fiap, bending thechannel flap up and back upon itself adjacentto its thickest portion to produce an upstanding rib having a thick,

outer portion.

17. That improvement inmethods of insoles which comprises cutting in themarginal bending said channel flap back upon itself adjacent to itsthickest portion to produce an up standing rib having a knob-shapedupper portion portion, thereby providing substantial grooves at theopposite sides of the base of the rib for facilitating the lasting,trimming and sewing operations in constructing a shoe, and securing theouter portion of the channel flap fiat against a remaining complementalportion of the insole feather with the edge face of said flap flush withfeather, thereby restoring a portion of said the edge face ofsaidfeather to its original thickness but leaving its edge face of lessthickness than the body of the insole.

18. An insole having at its marginal portion an upstanding two-ply ribformed from a single layer of material integral with the insole, saidrib varying in thickness heightwise.

19. An insole having at its marginal portion an upstanding lasting ribcomprising two layers of material formed from a single layer of materialintegral with the body portion of the insole, said rib varying inthickness heightwise, said insole having a feather portion at least apart of which is as thick as the body portion of the insole.

20. An insole having at its marginal portion a two-ply rib composed of asingle continuous layer of material integral with the body portion ofthe insole, said rib being thicker at some portions heightwise thereofthan at other portions, said insole having a feather thereon which iscomposed of a portion of said continuous layer combined with a portionof the body of the insole.

21. An insole having at its marginal portion an integral upstanding ribcomposed of two plies of material secured to each other, the upperportion of the rib being thicker than its base portion.

22. An insole having at its marginal portion an upstanding two-ply ribcomposed of a single layer of material integral with the insole, theupper portion of said rib being thicker than its base and overhangingthe outer side of said base, thereby producing a groove at the outerside of said base.

23. An insole having at its marginal portion an upstanding two-ply ribformed from a single layer of material integral with the insole, theupper portion of said rib being bulged relatively to its base portionand overhanging the inner side of said base portion, thereby producing agroove at the inner side of said base portion.

24. An insole having at its marginal portion an upstanding rib formedfrom a single layer of material integral with the insole and doubledover upon itself to produce a two-ply rib, said rib having a knob-shapedupper portion of substanshaped in cross section tial thicknessoverhanging both sides of a narrower base portion, thereby producinginner and outer grooves at said base portion.

25. An insole having at its marginal portion an integral upstanding ribcomprising two layers of material, the top portion of the rib beingknoband overhanging a relatively narrow base portion, thereby providinggrooves at opposite sides of said base portion for facilitating thelasting, trimming and sewing operations in constructing a shoe, saidinsole having a feather portion which is equal in thickness to the bodyof the insole.

26. An insole having at its marginal portion a two-ply upstanding rib ofmaterial integral with the insole doubled over upon itself, said ribhaving an upper portion of substantially uniform thickness supported bya thicker base portion.

27. A relatively thin insole having at its marginal portion an integralupstanding two-ply rib formed from a single continuous layer of materialpartially separated from the insole and turned back upon itself, saidrib being thicker at its base portion than at its upper portion and saidupper portion being substantially uniform in thickness, said insole alsohaving a feather portion equal in thickness to the body portion of theinsole.

' 28. An insole having an upstanding two-ply rib formed from a singlecontinuous layer of material integral with the insole, said rib having abulged upper portion overhanging a relatively narrow base portion, saidinsole having a feather portion the edge face of which is less than thethickness of the body portion of the insole.

29. An insole having an upstanding two-ply rib integral with the insoleand formed from the single fiap of an outside channel, said rib beingthicker at its upper portion than at its base portion, said insole alsohaving a feather the inner portion of which is equal in thickness to thebodyportion of the insole and the marginal portion of which is thinnerthan the body portion of the v insole.

